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Product Overview
The Intel 186 is the original member of the Intel Architecture embedded processor family. The Intel 186 is a high performance, high integration 16-bit microprocessor that is well suited for the embedded market.
The core architecture for these processors is the same as those developed for the PC industry, providing software compatibility and a huge support infrastructure to the embedded designer. Industry standard tools suites, development platforms, compilers, debuggers, emulators, text books and training seminars all contribute to helping an OEM get their product to market more quickly.
The Intel 186 has found its way into a broad spectrum of embedded designs such as modems, public and private PBX switching systems, cellular phones, POS and handheld terminals. The architecture can also be found in many real time environments such as robotics, factory automation, measurement control systems, sensors and test equipment, copiers, fax machines, printers and medical equipment.The Intel 186 family of products, XL/EA/EB/EC, have been accepted in a broad range of applications, with over ten thousand design wins and over fifty million units shipped in its 12 years of production. This legacy coupled with upgrade paths with our Embedded Intel386(TM) and Embedded Intel486(TM) Microprocessors ensures a path for your products future design needs.
Intel 186 Standard Processor Family
Intel 186 XL standard family is available in CHMOS, 8-bit external (188) and 16-bit external (186) versions, offering a wide variety of cost/performance tradeoffs for embedded designs. The 80C186/188XL is pin-for-pin compatible with the NMOS 80186/188 while adding an enhanced feature set and static operation. The high performance CHMOS process allows the 80C186/188XL to run at twice the clock rate of the NMOS 80186/188 while consuming less than one quarter the power. Significant functionality is included in this highly integrated product. The flexible peripheral set includes DMA, Timers, Interrupt Controller, Memory Refresh, Chip Selects, Power Save and a Direct Numerics Interface.
| FEATURES | BENEFITS |
| 16-bit static CPU (XL operating at 25 Mhz) | High Performance > 1 MIP |
| 8086 instruction set | Use PC for easy software development and debugging |
| 1 Mbyte Addressing | Large address space (for programs and data) Can also use bank switching for > 1 Mbytes |
| On-Chip Peripherals | High integration enables low-cost and low chip count designs |
| 8-bit external bus available | Lower memory and system cost |
| Multiple Packaging options 68L (LCC, PLCC, PGA) and 80L (QFP, SQFP) | Supports varied system requirements |
| CMOS inputs and outputs | Improved noise margins |
| Direct numerics interface (80C187) | Increased computing power |
Intel 186 Enhanced Processor Family
In 1990, Intel modularized the core architecture in order to better provide expandable peripheral functionality. The 186 Ex family is based on an improved, static, 1 micron design. All of the enhanced products run at 25 MHz and have been upgraded to take advantage of the new process. In addition, the 80C186Ex/C188Ex processors have a common set of base peripherals beneficial to many embedded applications. The Ex processors all support a standard numeric interface, an interrupt control unit, a chip-select unit, a DRAM refresh control unit, a power management unit, and three 16-bit timer/counters.
The 186 Ex family was designed with a number of objectives, the most important being high integration, low power consumption and a small form factor. The first objective is met by offering different Ex family members with varied peripheral sets. The variety of peripheral combinations available allows a designer to choose a "best fit" for their application. The second objective, low power, is met by offering a fully static device which operates down to 2.7-3.0 volts. The final objective, small form factor, is addressed by the Shrink Quad Flat Pack (SQFP) package.
The integrated peripherals common to all of the 186 Ex processors offer functionality required in many embedded applications. By offering these functions on silicon, system size, complexity and cost are reduced while reliability is increased. The 80C186EC alone replaces up to 40 devices in a system. A noteworthy peripheral is the power management unit which is unique to the 186 Ex family. The power management unit offers two special operating modes, idle mode and powerdown mode.
The idle mode allows the device to shut off the CPU clock, leaving all integrated peripherals active. Idle mode lowers processor current consumption by approximately 40 percent. Powerdown mode goes a step further, the clock input to the entire processor is disabled reducing device current consumption to transistor leakage (microamps).
Low voltage operation offers numerous benefits to the system designer such as decreased power consumption, less heat generation and less noise. The 8 and 13 MHz versions of the 186 Ex processors are available in 3V versions which operate down to 2.7 volts. The 16 MHz versions are a slight exception to this standard and operate at 3.3V down to 3.0 volts. The combination of power management functionality and optional low voltage operation make the Ex family processors ideal for power sensitive applications.
The small form factor is a major benefit of the SQFP package. The small package allows high integration while using minimal area. Another benefit inherent in smaller packages is reduced noise. The device lead frame which carries signals from the die to the package pins is smaller in the SQFP than it is in packages like QFP or PLCC. The decreased lead frame size decreases noise amplitude on outputs. The decreased inductance resulting from the small package and the elimination of a device socket reduce output noise. Lastly, combining the SQFP package and integration of the 186 Ex processors with low voltage operation offers an ideal solution for portable, low power, battery operated applications.
| FEATURES | BENEFITS |
| 3 Stage Power Management Unit | Efficient power consumption |
| 3.0 Volt Versions | Enables portable, battery powered designs |
| Watch Dog Timer (EC only) | Ensures system integrity in hostile environments |
| Serial Channels (EB/EC only) | Facilitates interprocessor communication and modem interface |
| I/O Ports (EB/EC only) | Ability to communicate externally via standard protocols |
- Power Management
- Optional 3 Volt operation with the 80L186EA/80L188EA
- Standard peripheral set
- Packaging Options: 68L (PLCC) and 80L (QFP, SQFP)
The low power consumption and power management capabilities of the 80C186EA allow designs previously requiring a bulky power supply to become battery operated. Battery operation opens new possibilities for portable/mobile designs. To achieve extremely low power consumption, the 80L186EA also operates down to 2.7 Volts at frequencies up to 13 MHz.
- 2 Serial Channels
- 2 Multiplexed I/O ports
- Enhanced C186/C188 chip selects
- Power Management
- Optional 3.0 and 3.3 Volt operation with the 80L186EB/80L188EB
- Packaging Options: 84L (PLCC) and 80L (QFP, SQFP)
The EB also implements an enhanced chip-select unit and 2 multiplexed I/O ports. The enhanced chip-select unit offers 10 general chip selects, each with the ability to address up to 1 megabyte. This enhanced unit enables application to implement memory bank switching to expand the 80C186 one megabyte address space. The I/O ports allow the application to do basic functions such as scanning keypads for input. The ports can also be implemented to control system power consumption, disabling unneeded components.
The serial ports, I/O capabilities and enhanced chip-selects make the EB an excellent processor for portable data acquisition or communication applications. The power management modes and optional low voltage operation make the 80L186EB ideal for battery operated systems.
- 4 DMA and 2 Serial Channels
- Watch Dog timer
- 22 I/O pins
- Enhanced C186/C188 chip selects
- Power Management
- Optional 3.0 and 3.3 Volt operation with the 80L186EC/80L188EC
- Standard peripheral set
- Packaging Options: 100L (PQFP), 100L (QFP) and 100L (SQFP)
The 80C186EC allows the serial ports to make DMA requests, avoiding the interrupt latency required to service serial interrupts. The increased data throughput allows rapid data acquisition and processing. The enhanced chip-select unit also offers the possibility of increased data storage capacity. The very high integration and low power consumption of the 80C186EC offer a simple solution for portable, low power applications focused on data acquisition and processing. Low voltage operation is also a significant benefit to extremely power-sensitive designs.Development Tool Support
A broad portfolio of tools are available through Intel and multiple Intel tool vendors. A number of debug products, real-time kernels, compilers and in-circuit emulators are available for the 186 product family.
EVALUATION BOARDS
Intel's EV80C186EC, EV80C186EB, and the EV80C186EA/XL evaluation board products are available to assist you in software development and debug.
DESIGN KITS
Intel's family of 186 design kits provide a complete hardware platform plus a set of embedded software tools for code execution and software debugging with either Borland or Microsoft interface.
The DK80C186EC, DK80C186EB, and the DK80C186EA/XL design kits couple Intel evaluation board hardware with the powerful Paradigm DEBUG/RT. The Paradigm DEBUG/RT is a custom version of the award winning Turbo Debugger* from Borland.
The DKCV80C186EC, DKCV80C186EB, and the DKCV80C186EA/XL design kits couple Intel evaluation board hardware with the Microsoft Design kit. The Microsoft Design kit combines Microsoft's languages with Systems and Software Inc.'s (SSI) embedded software tools called CV/Tools. These kits provide a complete embedded development platform based on the popular Microsoft C/C++ compiler/debugger.
ApBUILDER
Intel's ApBUILDER is a interactive windows-based tool for the embedded control applications programmer. ApBUILDER software provides on-line peripheral programming, register programming, instruction editor and hypertext reference documentation, for the 186 Ex product family.
THIRD PARTY VENDORS
Multiple third party vendors provide in-circuit emulator support. A wide variety of software products including software debuggers, compilers, and real-time kernels are also available from third party vendors.
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